An abdominal ultrasound scan is commonly used to investigate abdominal pain, abnormal blood test results or suspected gallstones. It is a non-invasive test that does not use radiation and can provide images of organs and structures including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder and abdominal blood vessels.

Ultrasound uses a handheld probe and a water-based gel applied to the skin. Sound waves are used to create real-time images of the structures beneath the surface. The examination is generally painless and does not involve X-rays.

An abdominal ultrasound is often the first investigation recommended for suspected gallstones or pain in the right upper abdomen. It can also help identify gallbladder inflammation, dilatation of the bile ducts, liver lesions, kidney problems, fluid collections, hernias and certain causes of abdominal swelling or discomfort.

Preparation depends on the area being examined. For many upper abdominal scans, you may be asked not to eat for several hours beforehand so that the gallbladder and surrounding organs can be seen more clearly. A full bladder may be required for urinary tract or pelvic scans. You should follow the specific instructions provided in your appointment letter.

During the scan, you will usually lie on an examination couch while gel is applied to the skin. The ultrasound probe is then moved over the area being examined. You may be asked to change position or briefly hold your breath to help obtain clearer images.

You can normally return to your usual activities immediately after the examination. The images will be reviewed by a radiologist or another appropriately trained reporting specialist, and the results will be sent to the clinician who referred you.

Ultrasound is usually the first-line imaging test when gallstones are suspected. It can identify stones within the gallbladder and may also show signs of inflammation or enlargement of the bile ducts.

However, an ultrasound scan may not provide all the information needed. If symptoms continue or bile duct stones, pancreatitis or another condition are suspected, further investigations such as CT, MRI, MRCP, endoscopic ultrasound or endoscopy may be recommended.